'mtDNA'

Haplogroup R*

Haplogroup R31 is a small Indian haplogroup.

Here are sequences:

 1. Palanichamy    A46.JS     AY714021(India)
 2. Palanichamy    A71.JS     AY714046(India)
 3. Palanichamy    A73.JS     AY714048(India)
 
 4. Kivisild       (1)A67.JS  DQ112752(Australia)  CODING AREA ONLY


The sequences have these differences from the CRS:

- for the main stem leading from H:

A73G     A263G    A750G    A1438G   A2706G   A4769G
C7028T   A8860G   G11719A  C14766T  A15326G

and G15884A

and excluding changes at 309 and 315

and at 16183 and 16193

the mutation lists are:

 1. Palanichamy   A46.JS   AY714021(India)   R31
T146C    G185A    C338T    C522.    A523.    C1531T   C5348T   T6293C   G6480A
C7981T   G10373A  C10631T  C12745T  A13557G  T13768A  C14553T  C15334T  G15884A
T16172C  T16362C

 2. Palanichamy   A71.JS   AY714046(India)   R31
T204C    G207A    G228A    A234G    A249.    A1309G   T1452C   T2763C   C3533T
G3849A   G3882A   C5461T   T5503C   T6827C   A7046G   T8400C   A8988G   G12007A
G12651A  T14488C  G15148A  G15884A  A16051G  T16093C  T16189C  C16218T  C16292T
T16362C  G16438A 

 3. Palanichamy   A73.JS   AY714048(India)   R31
A153G    T195C    G207A    G228A    A234G    A1309G   T1452C   A1811G   T2763C
G3849A   G3882A   T5503C   T6827C   A7046G   T8400C   A8988G   G10685A  A11272G  
G12007A  G12651A  T14488C  G15148A  G15884A  A16051G  T16093C  T16189C  C16218T
C16278T  C16292T  C16320T

 4. Kivisild      (1)A67.JS  DQ112752(Australia)   R31  CODING AREA ONLY
C522.    A523.    C4011T   A4200G   T4695C   T4703C   G5417A   G8027A   A8906G
T9386C   A9644G   T9881C   A11404G  A12172G  G13708A  G13759A  G14305A  C14989T
A15562G  G15884A